There are a variety of symptoms that may appear on your foundation and throughout your home that can help identify foundation problems. We’ll discuss the more prominent signs below and the type of damage most likely to cause them.
Foundation Cracks
Cracks in your concrete are among the most apparent signs of a foundation issue. However, not all cracks require structural repair. You can generally identify the severity of the crack based on its location and physical characteristics.
Vertical Cracks or Floor Cracks
Vertical cracks on your foundation walls or the outside of your slab foundation typically result from the concrete’s normal settling in the first few years after construction. The best course of action is to have a foundation repair specialist seal them with epoxy or polyurethane to keep water out of your home.
Cracks on your exposed slab foundation or your crawlspace or basement floor are most often from settling as well. However, differential settling can cause these gaps to widen or leave one side of the gap raised above the other. Uneven fissures or those wider than ⅛” more often represent structural issues and likely need repair.
Horizontal Wall Cracks
Foundation wall cracks that run along the length of your concrete develop when the hydrostatic pressure outside builds to dangerous levels. The stress forces your wall inward to the point where a fissure forms to relieve the pressure.
You may also notice bowing walls before the gap develops, which is another sign of excessive hydrostatic pressure.
Horizontal cracks indicate structural damage and the potential for foundation failure, so they require immediate repair. Unfortunately, this type of damage is prevalent in Suffolk because of the weight of the runoff that can get trapped in the voids surrounding your foundation.
Stair-Step Wall Cracks
Another common type of foundation crack in Suffolk forms in a step pattern on your concrete block walls. It appears when an area of your concrete loses support from underground erosion and sinks deeper into the earth than the rest of your foundation. These cracks can be very severe and are typically the most expensive to stabilize.
Water Damage or Moisture Build-Up
Water intrusion and moisture accumulation are both pervasive in Suffolk because of the rapidly-draining soil and the high potential for flooding. Water can enter your home in its liquid form, and it can also seep through the pores in your concrete and contribute to humidity under your house.
Signs of liquid water problems include puddling or standing water in your crawlspace or basement, water stains or wet spots on your concrete, and water damage to insulation, sheetrock, or other building materials.
Water vapor can affect all types of foundations, including concrete slabs. If you have an under-home area, you may find efflorescence on the walls, mold growth, musty smells, damp air that is difficult to breathe, and signs of insects or rodents living under your structure. Symptoms in slab foundations include moldy smells in your house, buckling or sloping floors, and water damage to construction materials.
Poor Indoor Air Quality
Additionally, water and moisture under your home can contribute to poor indoor air quality, as humidity and mold spores can seep into your upper floors.
Humid air feels hotter in the summer and colder in the winter, so harsh temperatures in your house or high utility bills can signify moisture issues.
Mold spores moving from under your home to your living space can lead to allergy symptoms, another sign that humid air or water is a problem for your foundation.
