Foundation issues can be caused by a myriad of things in the Stafford area, all of which are related to the soil and the city’s humid and oceanic climate. We’ll explain each of the underlying problems below.
Expansive Soil
Much of the soil in Stafford falls in the Sassafras-Aura-Caroline association, which is characterized by clay-rich topsoil and clayey subsoil. Many areas have what is referred to as “fat clay,” which is highly plastic and has a high shrink-swell potential. The abundance of tiny clay particles in the ground is one of the primary reasons foundations suffer from damage so often, and they create three distinct issues for structures.
The first and most prominent problem with the earth in Stafford is its expansion during rainfall or flooding. Runoff soaks readily into the pores between clay particles and causes the soil to swell against your foundation.
The resulting hydrostatic pressure places intense stress on the concrete and can create fissures. These cracks often represent severe damage and compromise your foundation’s structural integrity.
The second issue with Stafford’s clay-rich soil occurs when it dries. During periods of minimal rainfall, the soil’s moisture content naturally decreases, causing the earth to shrink. The dirt can pull away from the concrete and leave your home’s foundation to settle further into the ground.
If the drying process occurs evenly, your entire foundation simply sinks slightly. However, uneven drying can leave portions of your foundation to dip below others, leading to instability and structural cracks. Differential settling is one of the most damaging types of movement that can occur beneath your home.
The final issue with expansive soil is its ability to absorb and retain large quantities of water. Runoff from precipitation and flooding soaks into the earth and remains in contact with your foundation for extended periods. The prolonged contact times between moisture and your foundation promote water intrusion and water vapor problems under your home.

Above-Average Rainfall & Flooding
Stafford residents contend with approximately 41 inches of rainfall each year, which is about 130% of the national average.
The above-average rainfall maintains a high soil moisture content, meaning the ground will typically be at an elevated volume.
Therefore, the hydrostatic pressure on your foundation will be intense for much of the year, increasing the likelihood of structural damage from the stress. Additionally, the frequently saturated soil means runoff will interact with your concrete often, contributing to water and moisture issues in your home.
Flash flooding can occur during intense precipitation in Stafford because the clay soil drains slowly and fails to keep up with the falling rain. Flash floods further saturate the soil and threaten your foundation with water intrusion.
Homeowners located near the Potomac River are also at risk of river flooding and storm surge, both of which can occur when heavy rains raise the water levels of the River and the Chesapeake Bay.
Acid Sulfate Soils
The soil in Stafford county is known to be acidic. Acid sulfate soils can contribute to severe concrete corrosion if the ground isn’t appropriately treated when a new home is constructed.
Over time, acidic soil can corrode and weaken your concrete foundation, leading to instability and physical damage. In extreme cases, your foundation could become structurally unsound and require replacement.
Frost Heave
Frost heave is an issue in Virginia due to the clay content of the soil. This phenomenon occurs when the water suspended in the soil freezes and expands, causing upward swelling of the ground.
The added pressure on your concrete slab and foundation walls can be intense enough to cause structural fissures to develop. The ground movement that occurs as the frozen soil thaws and settles can also cause severe damage to the rigid concrete.
Tropical Storms and Hurricanes
Lastly, much of Virginia, including Stafford, experiences the effects of hurricanes and tropical storms during hurricane season from around June through November.
Most storms are weakened by the time they hit land near Stafford, but the resulting elevated rainfall is still an issue in the area. The concentrated precipitation makes the issues with groundswell and water intrusion more prevalent.