Foundation damage in Midlothian can occur in a variety of ways, so the symptoms you’ll notice on your property can vary quite a bit. We’ll discuss the most common signs of a foundation problem below and offer an explanation as to what the likely underlying cause of each is.
Foundation Cracks
Foundation cracks can indicate normal concrete settling or significant structural damage. The position and size of the gap is usually the best indicator of the severity.
Basement Floor Cracks
Cracks in your crawlspace or basement floor are challenging to diagnose because they can be harmless or very dangerous. Thin cracks that are level across the gap typically form during the natural settling period of the concrete after construction. Most homeowners simply have them sealed to keep their under-home area dry.
Wide or uneven floor cracks can develop if your home suffers from differential settling. You may also notice that your floor slopes or becomes unlevel.
Homeowners who have a slab foundation might find either of these types of floor cracks if they remove the flooring in their living space or check to see if the floors are bowing, sagging, or sloping.
Vertical Wall Cracks
Vertical wall cracks are almost always a sign of harmless concrete settling. They generally don’t indicate an issue with structural damage, and they can simply be sealed to keep water from leaking through them.
Horizontal Wall Cracks
Horizontal cracks on your foundation wall develop when the hydrostatic pressure from the expansive soil outside puts too much stress on the concrete. The upper portion of the wall usually pushes inward after the fissure forms.
These wall gaps should be a major cause for concern, as they generally indicate that your home’s structural integrity is compromised.
Stair-Step Wall Cracks
Cracks can form in a step pattern on your crawlspace or basement walls if a portion of your foundation loses support from the soil below. Differential settling is the most common cause of this movement, and it can be catastrophic for your structure. These cracks require professional attention immediately, and they usually involve the most costly and invasive repair.
Bowing Foundation Walls
Hydrostatic pressure is a widespread issue in Midlothian brought on by expansive clay soil, concentrated rain during hurricane season, and the risk of flooding. While the mounting pressure eventually leads to horizontal cracking, an early warning sign of inward stress is a bowing crawlspace or basement wall. The best way to spot the issue is using a long level or straight edge to see if the surface is plumb.
Damp or Wet Basement or Crawlspace
Water intrusion and moisture build-up are both common issues in Midlothian. Liquid water leaking into your under-home area typically leads to standing water, puddles or wet spots on the floor after rainfall, and water damage to insulation, sheetrock, or other construction materials.
Runoff that is held against your concrete by the expansive soil outside can also wick through pores in undamaged concrete. It seeps inside slowly and evaporates into the air. As such, issues with water vapor can be more challenging to diagnose.
Efflorescence, a white powdery substance accumulating on your concrete walls, is a good indication that water has soaked in and evaporated into the air. You may also notice air that is heavy or difficult to inhale, musty smells, mold growth, and insects or rodents, as they are attracted to moist areas.

Poor Indoor Air Quality
Finally, one of the most noticeable signs of a foundation issue is decreased air quality in your living space. The air from your crawlspace or basement naturally seeps into your upper floors via a process called the stack effect.
It can bring moisture and mold spores into your home, leading to higher utility bills, unusually extreme temperatures in the winter and summer, and allergy symptoms, including itchy eyes and respiratory distress.