The underlying causes of foundation damage above can produce a wide variety of symptoms in your concrete and throughout your home. We’ll discuss the most common signs of Alexandria foundation issues below.
Foundation Cracks
Foundation cracks are typically clear indications that your home has suffered damage, but they can also be completely harmless depending on where they appear.
Basement Floor Cracks
Thin cracks in your crawlspace or basement floor aren’t usually a severe problem. They form most often because of normal concrete settling after new construction, and they appear in most foundations. As long as they remain under ⅛” wide and neither side rises above the other, you can usually just have them sealed to keep moisture out. Wider cracks or those that are unlevel from side to side indicate more serious damage. These cracks form in response to differential settling, and they often require structural repair to provide the support that your foundation needs from underneath.
Vertical Wall Cracks
Thin cracks running vertically on your foundation walls also result from typical settling during the first few years after construction. Sealing is the best option to keep your house protected from damage. Vertical wall gaps that grow beyond ⅛” might necessitate strengthening caulking to keep water out and prevent further expansion.
Horizontal Wall Cracks
Horizontally-oriented cracks on your crawlspace or basement wall are much more severe. They form in response to mounting hydrostatic pressure from the soil outside your home, and they typically mean your foundation wall has lost its structural integrity.
Stair-Step Wall Cracks
Cracks that form in the shape of steps on your concrete block wall also typically indicate structural problems. They result from differential settling, and they signify that a portion of your foundation has separated from your house and settled further into the ground than the rest of your foundation.
Bowing Foundation Wall
Although the expansive clay soil in Alexandria can swell and shrink quite rapidly, the mounting hydrostatic pressure on your concrete typically takes years to become too much for the walls to resist. As such, horizontal cracks are often preceded by the inward bulging of your crawlspace or basement walls. Bowing walls can signify structural damage, and they very often predict horizontal cracking and foundation failure.
Water Damage or Moisture Build-Up
Lastly, water damage and moisture build-up under or in your home are both very common symptoms of foundation issues in Alexandria because of the expansive soil and risk of flooding. If your foundation is suffering from liquid water entering through cracks in the concrete, you may notice wet spots on the floor or walls under your home, standing water, water damage to building materials, musty odors, and damp air. Additionally, the presence of moisture from intruding water evaporating under your home can promote mold growth and pest infestation, making these two additional warning signs of water problems.
Issues with water vapor entering your under-home area through the pores in the concrete can create many of the above symptoms in your crawlspace or basement as well. However, there are some additional signs of moisture build-up, including uncomfortably hot or cold temperatures in your upper floors, allergy symptoms in you or your family members, and unusually high utility bills if you use your heating and cooling systems to combat humidity in your house. Additionally, water vapor wicking through the concrete evaporates into the air under your house and leaves minerals and salts behind. This white, fluffy deposit on your concrete walls is called efflorescence, and it’s a clear indication that you have moisture issues.