Foundation damage in your Middletown home can appear in various ways, with each underlying cause typically eliciting a specific response in your structure. Below, we’ll include some information on the common signs of foundation damage in Northern Delaware and the most common cause of each.
Foundation Cracks
Concrete cracks appear in most home foundations, but they very often only indicate normal and healthy settlement. However, some breaks can suggest severe instability and the loss of structural integrity, so it’s crucial to be able to tell the difference between the various types. We’ll describe the cracks you’re likely to see in your Middletown foundation below.
Slab or Basement Floor Cracks
Gaps in the surface of your slab foundation or on your crawlspace or basement floor will almost certainly appear under your home. As long as they remain thinner than ⅛” wide and are even across the gap, they likely formed during the natural settling after the concrete was poured during new construction. They generally just require waterproofing services to limit water and moisture that enters through them.
If wider or unlevel cracks appear in your slab, you may be experiencing differential settling, which can be very dangerous if left unstabilized. These fissures should be inspected by a structural engineer or concrete repair specialist to determine the severity of the movement and the best solution.
Vertical Wall Cracks
Like thin slab cracks, vertically-oriented cracks in your concrete block wall are typically a sign of normal foundation settlement. They form as the concrete adjusts to the ground and the weight of your house after new construction. The prescribed wall repair typically only includes a polyurethane or epoxy sealant to keep water out.
Horizontal Cracks
Horizontal breaks in your crawlspace or basement walls form when the force from saturated clay soil outside pushes the wall inward. The hydrostatic pressure mounts to the point where a fissure forms, indicating a loss of structural integrity. The crack repair process for these breaks involves stabilization and a waterproof sealant.
Stair-Step Cracks
Cracks can form in a step pattern along the contours of the concrete bricks in your foundation walls. These gaps appear when differential settling is occurring under your home, so they necessitate extensive stabilization. Underpinning, a form of concrete leveling, is the most effective method for repairing the damage indicated by stair-step cracks.
Bowing Foundation Walls
If you have a developing problem with hydrostatic pressure, you may notice inwardly bowing walls in the area under your home. This type of foundation movement typically precedes horizontal cracking, so it’s imperative that it be treated appropriately and as quickly as possible. Wall stabilization is the best option in most cases.
Damp or Wet Basement
The absorbent clay soil in Middletown regularly holds moisture from the excessive rainfall against your home’s foundation. Exposure to runoff will eventually lead to water intrusion or moisture accumulation in your crawlspace or basement.
Liquid water tends to seep through breaks in your concrete or through gaps around basement windows. Symptoms include standing water, puddles on the floor, wet concrete, and water damage to construction materials.
Water vapor soaks through the pores in solid concrete and evaporates into the air, so the build-up of moisture is less apparent than that of water. You can often identify moisture issues by efflorescence on the concrete walls, mold growth, moldy odors, pest infestation, and noticeably damp air as you enter your crawlspace or basement.

Poor Indoor Air Quality
The moisture and mold spores from under your house when you have a water or water vapor problem often move up into your living space in a process called the stack effect. As such, the effects can often indicate moisture issues below.
Humid air in your home naturally feels more extreme in temperature, so unusually hot or cold indoor air can signify a leaky foundation. You may compensate for those temperatures by turning up your heating or air conditioning, so utility bills that are higher than average are also symptoms of a moisture issue below your home.
You or your family members may experience allergy symptoms indoors in response to airborne mold spores, so sneezing, coughing, itchy eyes, and a runny nose can all point to a moisture issue under your house as well.